The human body is a shell special to humans. It is like a shell, inside of which most of the things are very important. But these things are unknown to many of us. The most significant of which is the System of the human body. Now the question may come, what is the work of System? Consider an office with hundreds of employees. But a manager is responsible for overall supervision and management of their work. Similarly, all the functions of our body are managed by these Systems.
There are total 11 Systems in the human body. List of human body systems–
- Digestive system and excretory system
- Blood circulatory system
- Respiratory system
- Excretory System
- Skeletal System
- Nervous system
- Skin System / Integumentary System
- Muscular system
- Endocrine gland system
- Immune system and lymphatic system
- Reproductive System
Among them, the most notable Systems are,
Digestive system and excretory system
In the biochemical process in the human body, the complex food material is broken down with the help of enzymes and changed into simple, soluble and absorbable state that can be used in the body’s metabolism, it is called digestion. The system through which the process of digestion and absorption is carried out is called digestive system. Alimentary system of human body consists of alimentary canal and related alimentary glands.
The working steps of the digestive system are as follows:
Digestion of food in the oral cavity
This System basically starts working after we put a little food in our mouth. The digestive system completes the digestive functions like cutting the food inside the mouth with the help of the teeth, secreting and mixing the juice from the salivary glands, turning the food into food particles inside the mouth.
Digestion of food in the stomach
Digested food from the mouth stays in the stomach for about 2-6 hours. At this time, the work of food digestion begins in the stomach. The stomach secretes hydrochloric acid (HCl), which destroys all bacteria in the food. All food forms a kind of paste in the stomach. This state of food is known as Kaim or Mond. As part of chemical digestion in the stomach, the digestive system secretes a type of juice called gastric juice. The digested food then reaches different parts of the body like liver, duodenum, pancreas.
This is how the alimentary canal or alimentary tract helps digest food.
Blood circulatory system
Blood cells move throughout the human body. Entering blood into the heart, then processing that blood and finally supplying blood from the heart to different parts of the body – the entire work is managed by the system of the body, its name is Blood Circulatory System.
The circulatory system of the human body consists of two types of blood circulation – systemic circulation and pulmonary circulation. In the systemic circulation, blood from the left ventricle of the heart reaches the organs through various vessels, while blood from the organs returns to the right atrium. When the heart expands, the circulatory system pushes the body’s blood towards the heart, and when the heart contracts, the blood flows through the arterioles and reticulum of the different tissues and organs of the body. Blood is reabsorbed from the retina and enters the vein through the vena cava.
The pulmonary circulatory system essentially acts as a medium for the body’s blood to be used by the lungs. The short cycle of blood circulation completed by the return of blood from the right ventricle to the lungs and from there to the left atrium is called the pulmonary circulation. Gas exchange takes place within the lungs. Carbon dioxide is removed from the blood and oxygen is added along with it. After the pulmonary circulation, the blood brought to the heart is recirculated throughout the body through the systemic circulation.
The circulatory system is also responsible for the circulation of various blood cells such as red blood cells or erythrocytes, white blood cells or leukocytes, platelets or thrombocytes etc.
Respiratory system
Simple organisms take in oxygen from the environment and transport it directly to or from cell to cell and release carbon dioxide in the opposite way. Advanced animals like humans have specialized respiratory organs for gas exchange. The main respiratory organ of the human body is a pair of lungs. Air enters and exits the lungs through the respiratory tract. Beginning of the respiratory tract from the external nostrils. All these make up the respiratory system of the human body.
The respiratory system supplies oxygen to the whole body by drawing air into the lungs. There are several important parts of the respiratory system, notable among them are the anterior nostrils, nostrils, larynx, trachea or trachea, bronchus, lungs and alveoli.
Anterior nostrils: Always open and through which air enters the body.
Nostrils: It slightly moistens the air coming from the nostrils. Ciliated and mucous cells trap dust and pathogens. Olfactory cells in the nostrils help in receiving olfactory stimuli.
Larynx: A little higher view of the boy’s throat. This elevated part is basically a part of the larynx of the respiratory system, which is called Adam’s Apple. The larynx vibrates to produce sound.
Trachea: Also known as trachea, the trachea is like a hollow tube. The trachea connects the lungs to the various parts of the nose.
Lungs: Lungs are the main and largest organ of the respiratory system of the human body. Oxygenated air enters the lungs and carbon dioxide-rich air is exhaled.
Alveolus: Small alveoli form an alveolus. Alveoli are the smallest part of the respiratory system.
Excretory System
Nitrogenous waste products produced by metabolism in animal cells are removed from the body in the process of excretion, which is a very rapid and regular process. The human body has a specific organ system known as the Excretory System for the removal of excretory substances. With the help of excretory system, 80 percent of excretory substances are removed from the human body. The remaining 10 percent of excreta are not directly excreted but are produced by various activities and excreted through various organs. These are known as accessory excretory organs. Kidney is the main excretory organ of human excretory system.
The functions of the excretory system are-
- Removal of nitrogenous waste products from protein metabolism from the blood.
- Maintaining water balance in the body and blood
- Controlling the amount of various salts in the blood including various minerals such as potassium, calcium, phosphate and chloride
- Maintaining the acid-base balance in the blood
- Secrete hormones and enzymes
- Control blood pressure
The organs included in the excretory system are the kidneys, ureters, renal arteries and veins, bladder and urethra. The numerous nephrons in the kidneys work to purify the blood, while the ureters carry away all the impurities from the blood through the bladder. In addition, the excretory system of the human body also works to protect water and ion balance in the blood, which is called osmoregulation in medical science.
Skeletal and Muscle System
The human body contains a type of substance called embryonic mesoderm. From this embryonic mesoderm arises a special type of tissue, essentially a type of connective tissue. The modified form of this connective tissue is bone and cartilage. The skeletal and muscular system, which consists of bones and cartilages, determines the structure of the body, protects the internal soft organs, carries all the weight of the body and helps in the addition of muscles.
The human skeletal system is divided into 2 parts – axial and appendicular. The axial skeleton has a total of 80 bones and the appendages have 126, making up a total of 206 bones. The largest bone in the skeletal system is the femur and the smallest is the stapes, which is located on the ear side of the body.
Functions of the Skeletal System:
- Protecting the internal organs of the body
- Bones help to store and secrete different types of fat when needed
- Produce different types of blood cells
- Deposition of minerals
- Helping to form limbs like hands and feet
- Acting as a full body support
There are 3 types of muscles in the muscular system – skeletal muscles or voluntary muscles, cardiac muscles and involuntary muscles. The work of the muscular system is,
- Helping in movement of various organs
- Coordination of different parts of the body to keep its place intact
- When the body temperature drops, sometimes the voluntary muscles of the muscular system help to increase the temperature inside the body
Nervous system:
It is a very common basic characteristic of our human body to respond to stimuli ranging from a small pinch to thousands of stimuli. Along with animal evolution, multicellular organisms appeared. The nervous system of the human body is active all the time for the purpose of making connections with the diverse activities of countless cells spread in the various parts of the body of these multicellular organisms and maintaining good relations with the environment. Nervous system is the system consisting of neurons with the help of which the body manages the body by responding to external and internal stimuli and maintaining the harmony of various physical and physiological functions.
There are 2 types of nervous system – Central Nervous System and Peripheral Nervous System. The brain and spinal cord are parts of the central nervous system of the human body. The function of the central nervous system is to act as the body’s main control center and process all incoming and outgoing messages. The peripheral nervous system includes those nerves that carry messages to the central nervous system and back from the central nervous system to different parts of the body.
Skin System / Integumentary System
Finally, the largest system of the human body is the integumentary system. This System keeps our entire body covered with skin. The elements included in this System are – skin, hair, body hair, nails, beard. The way in which the skin system affects our body is as follows-
- Dust, water, toxic substances from outside the body block the entry into the body
- Controls body temperature
- Protects cells, tissues and organs inside the body from external injuries and prevents diseases
- Protects the body from dehydration
- Helps in the elimination of waste products from the body through sweat
- Conserves water and fat
- carries various stimuli
If we look around us, we will see different living things. The strangest creation among them is man. I came to know about this artwork ‘Our body is a wonderful work of art’.
